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Creating
Dynamic Soundtracks Using Layering and Flash 5
The time has
come for interactive soundtracks on the web. Broadband Internet
connections are attainable for most businesses and consumers,
and compression technology has become standardized. Tools such
as Flash offer powerful functionality for integrating synchronized,
multi-layered soundtracks. So why are most developers still using
loops?
The answer is
that longer, dynamic musical arrangements still require too much
download time for the average end user, even with the availability
of faster internet connections. Luckily there is a compromise.
By using component-based audio and layering techniques,
a developer can reduce file size and break away from the tedium
of beat loops. The use of this techinque allows the developer
to create the feel of a custom, full-production soundtrack for
their multimedia projects without requiring long download times.
As the visual component of web sites continues to advance, these
techniques will foster interactive audio accompaniment that enhances
the multimedia experience. The goal here is to have the end user
reaching to turn their speakers up, not off!
Here's how it
works. Most music is made up of many instuments played in rhythm
and harmony with one another. In the recording studio, these instruments
are recorded onto separate tracks. These tracks are then individually
mixed and re-arranged to create the final product... a "flattened",
stereo recording.. DoReMedia's approach is to deliver these musical
compositions in their un-mixed state, transforming you,
the multimedia designer, into the record producer.
For effective
synchronized multimedia, the developer needs as much control to
shape the soundtrack as to shape the visuals. Pre-recorded production
music tracks don't provide this flexibility. DoReMedia Sound Families™
do.
Sound Families
give you 3 "sets" of sounds: Layers, Chunks, and Sound Effects
(SFX). This tutorial will focus on Layers and how they can be
used to create dynamic, interactive soundtracks with small file
sizes.
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A typical Sound Family will have 4 to 6 layers, for example:
drums, bass, rhrythm guitar, lead guitar, and synth. When
mixed, these instrument parts make up the main musical theme
of a song. Each instrument part, or layer, is the smallest
repeating riff of each instrument - usually 1, 2 or 4 bars
(2 - 8 seconds) in length. DoReMedia Sound Families are
engineered so that each of these short layer parts are accurate
to the millisecond in length, and therefore loop perfectly.
This is critical to keeping layers synchronized, as you
will see in the following illustrations.
First, start by creating a new movie symbol {Insert
> New Symbol} and calling it "soundtrack".

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We
will construct our audio layers in this separate movie,
which will give us the ability to target it whenever we
wish, and keep the main timeline uncluttered.
Open the library {Window
> Library} and double click on the movie symbol
you just created. This will bring up a new timeline for
this movie symbol. Add as many layers as you have instruments,
naming them to correspond to each instrument (ie. Drums,
bass, rhythm guitar, etc.). Flash will allow between 4 and
8 simultaneous sound layers, depending on your sound card.
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If you have not yet imported
your audio files, do so now {File
> import}. If there is not already a keyframe
on frame one, add one from the insert menu {Insert
> Keyframe}.
In the
timeline, select the keyframe you just added and open the
Sound Properties dialogue box {Windows
> Panels > Sound}.
Your imported audio files should all appear from the pull
down menu. Select your drum track. Set the sync method to
"Event" and enter a loop value of 16 (this can be changed
later).
You now
have a drum track which will last somewhere between 16 and
64 bars, depending on the length of the original clip. In
order to see the visual display of the audio in the timeline,
go to frame 600 or so and select all layers, then insert
frames {Insert > Frame}.
You can easily add or remove frames later.
Follow the same procedure for the other layers, selecting the
corresponding instrument. When you are finished, you should
have multiple layers with a different instrument on each
layer.
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*It should be noted here that the event sync method is preferrable
if you want to keep file size to a minimum. The streaming
method does not allow Flash to re-use the small component
pieces from the cache, but rather, it copies the audio data
into each frame. In this example, using the event method
thus far would mean about 10 bars of total audio (approximately
20 seconds) to be downloaded (5 layers x 2 bars each), whereas
the streaming method would force a download of 160 bars
(5 layers x 2 bars each x 16 repetitions). Quite a difference!
Play your
movie to hear all of the instruments mixed together. You
have just laid the foundation that will allow you to build
an interactive, dynamic soundtrack.
Once you
have your individual instrument tracks accessible in this
way, you can make use of a few simple techniques which will
allow you to really harness the power of sound and music
to a level unachievable with loops or pre-recorded production
music.
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The goal is to bring layers in and out at various points where
they repeat (you will see vertical lines showing the repeat
points). It is a good idea to make a change in 4 or 8 bar
increments to be consistent with standard musical phrasing.
One approach might be to build your song gradually, starting
with only the drums, then adding the bass 8 bars later, followed
by the guitar and so on until you reach a climax. Then you
can repeat your movie and do it again! It's up to you. This
approach will create more variances in the music and stay
interesting much longer than a single loop. |
The
primary way to make use of layers is to use Flash's envelope
functionality from the sound instance dialogue box. Envelope
simply means a volume control. Essentially what you will be
doing is muting and unmuting individual tracks to create dynamics.
Select
an any instrument layer and goto the Sound Properties dialogue
box. Click the edit button. A separate window will open
that displays the audio waveform, click anywhere in the
window. Flash will add an envelope which you can adjust
by grabbing the box and dragging.
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Once your soundtrack movie is as you like it, it's time
to trigger it from your main movie. You can simply drag
it from the library onto your timeline, or use frame actions
and tell targeting. More information about tell targeting
is available in Flash's help files and documentation.
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